Neil Armstrong

Neil Armstrong was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio, on August 5, 1930. After serving in the Korean War and then finishing college, he joined the organization that would become NASA. He entered the astronaut program in 1962 and was command pilot for his first mission, Gemini VIII, in 1966. He was spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, the first manned lunar mission, and the first man to walk on the moon. He died in 2012.

Astronaut Neil Armstrong developed a fascination with flight at an early age and earned his student pilot’s license when he was 16. In 1947, Armstrong began his studies in aeronautical engineering at Purdue University on a U.S. Navy scholarship.

His studies, however, were interrupted in 1949 when he was called to serve in the Korean War. A U.S. Navy pilot, Armstrong flew 78 combat missions during this military conflict. He left the service in 1952, and returned to college. A few years later, Armstrong joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which later became the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). For this government agency he worked in a number of different capacities, including serving as a test pilot and an engineer. He tested many high-speed aircraft, including the X-15, which could reach a top speed of 4,000 miles per hour.

In his personal life, Armstrong started to settle down. He married Janet Shearon on January 28, 1956. The couple soon added to their family. Son Eric arrived in 1957, followed daughter Karen in 1959. Sadly, Karen died of complications related to an inoperable brain tumor in January 1962. The following year, the Armstrongs welcomed their third child, son Mark.

That same year, Armstrong joined the astronaut program. He and his family moved to Houston, Texas, and Armstrong served as the command pilot for his first mission, Gemini VIII. He and fellow astronaut David Scott were launched into the earth’s orbit on March 16, 1966. While in orbit, they were able to briefly dock their space capsule with the Gemini Agena target vehicle. This was the first time two vehicles had successfully docked in space. During this maneuver, however, they experienced some problems and had to cut their mission short. They landed in the Pacific Ocean nearly 11 hours after the mission’s start, and were later rescued by the U.S.S. Mason.

Armstrong faced an even bigger challenge in 1969. Along with Michael Collins and Edwin E. “Buzz” Aldrin, he was part of NASA’s first manned mission to the moon. The trio were launched into space on July 16, 1969. Serving as the mission’s commander, Armstrong piloted the Lunar Module to the moon’s surface on July 20, 1969, with Buzz Aldrin aboard. Collins remained on the Command Module.

At 10:56 PM, Armstrong exited the Lunar Module. He said, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind,” as he made his famous first step on the moon. For about two and a half hours, Armstrong and Aldrin collected samples and conducted experiments.

They also took photographs, including their own footprints.

Returning on July 24, 1969, the Apollo 11 craft came down in the Pacific Ocean west of Hawaii. The crew and the craft were picked up by the U.S.S. Hornet, and the three astronauts were put into quarantine for three weeks.

Before long, the three Apollo 11 astronauts were given a warm welcome home. Crowds lined the streets of New York City to cheer on the famous heroes who were honored in a ticker-tape parade. Armstrong received numerous awards for his efforts, including the Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.

Armstrong remained with NASA, serving as deputy associate administrator for aeronautics until 1971. After leaving NASA, he joined the faculty of the University of Cincinnati as a professor of aerospace engineering. Armstrong remained at the university for eight years. Staying active in his field, he served as the chairman of Computing Technologies for Aviation, Inc., from 1982 to 1992.

Helping out at a difficult time, Armstrong served as vice chairman of the Presidential Commission on the space shuttle Challenger accident in 1986. The commission investigated the explosion of the Challenger on January 28, 1986, which took the lives of its crew, including school teacher Christa McAuliffe.

Despite being one of the most famous astronauts in history, Armstrong largely shied away from the public eye. He gave a rare interview to the news program 60 Minutes in 2006. He described the moon to interviewer Ed Bradley, saying “It’s a brilliant surface in that sunlight. The horizon seems quite close to you because the curvature is so much more pronounced than here on earth. It’s an interesting place to be. I recommend it.” That same year, his authorized biography came out. First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong was written by James R. Hansen, who conducted interviews with Armstrong, his family, and his friends and associates.

Even in his final years, Armstrong remained committed to space exploration. The press-shy astronaut returned to the spotlight in 2010 to express his concerns over changes made to the U.S. space program. He testified in Congress against President Barack Obama’s decision to cancel the Constellation program, which included another mission to the moon. Obama also sought to encourage private companies to get involved in the space travel business and to move forward with more unmanned space missions.

Taking this new decision, Armstrong said, would cost the United States its leadership position in space exploration. “America is respected for its contributions it has made in learning to sail on this new ocean. If the leadership we have acquired through our investment is simply allowed to fade away, other nations will surely step in where we have faltered. I do not believe that would be in our best interests,” he told Congress, according to a report on NewsHour.

Armstrong underwent a heart bypass operation in August 2012. A few weeks later, on August 25, 2012, Neil Armstrong died of “complications resulting from cardiovascular procedures” at the age of 82. He is survived by his second wife Carol in Indian Hill, Ohio, and his two sons from his first marriage.

Shortly after his death, his family released a statement: “For those who may ask what they can do to honor Neil, we have a simple request. Honor his example of service, accomplishment and modesty, and the next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink.”

News of Armstrong’s death quickly spread around the world. President Obama was among those offering their condolences to his family and sharing their remembrances of the late space pioneer. “Neil was among the greatest of American heroes–not just of his time, but of all time,” Obama said, according to the Los Angeles Times. His Apollo 11 colleague Buzz Aldrin said that “I know I am joined by millions of others in mourning the passing of a true American hero and the best pilot I ever knew. My friend Neil took the small step but giant leap that changed the world and will forever be remembered as a landmark moment in human history,” according to CBS News.

Charles Blair

Charles F. Blair, Jr. was a United States Air Force Brigadier General, United States Navy aviator Captain, a test pilot, an airline pilot, and airline owner. He died in a Grumman Goose seaplane crash in the Caribbean.

Blair purchased the P-51 Mustang “Stormy Petrel” that Paul Mantz had flown to win the Bendix Trophy air races in 1946 and 1947. Rechristened “Excalibur III”, Blair began setting records flying non-stop from New York to London and Bardufoss, Norway to Fairbanks, Alaska. He was awarded the Harmon Trophy from President Truman and the Gold Medal of the Norwegian Aero Club. Blair resigned his naval commission in 1952 and was later commissioned a Colonel in the United States Air Force Reserves while still flying for Pan American World Airways. He was promoted to Brigadier General in 1959. In the same year he led two F-100 Super Sabers in a nonstop flight from England to Alaska in the first jet fighter flight over the North Pole. Blair earned the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States) for the flight. In 1970 he wrote his autobiography Red Ball in the Sky. He died in a Grumman Goose seaplane crash in the Caribbean.

Don Bornhorst

Donald T. Bornhorst has been Senior Vice President of Delta Connection Academy, Inc., a subsidiary of Delta Air Lines Inc. since October 2007.

Mr. Bornhorst serves as Senior Vice President of Delta Air Elite Business Jets, Inc., a division of Delta Connection Academy, Inc. He serves as Senior Vice President of Delta Connection at Comair, Inc. Mr. Bornhorst served as Chief Financial Officer and President of Comair Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Delta Air Lines Inc. from May 2006 to October 2007. He worked in nearly every operating department of the carrier and serves as Vice President of Performance Management of the Delta Connection. He served as President of Comair, Inc., a subsidiary of Comair Holdings, Inc. from May 2006 to October 9, 2007. Mr. Bornhorst is a Comair veteran with 15 years of airline industry experience.

John Dailey

John R. Dailey is a retired United States Marine Corps four-star general who served as Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps (ACMC) and Chief of Staff from 1990 to 1992, Acting Associate Deputy Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from 1992 to 1999; and director of the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) since 2000.

His career in the Marine Corps spanned thirty-six years and included a wide variety of operational and staff assignments. He is a pilot with over 7000 hours in fixed and rotary wing aircraft. He has extensive command experience including the Marine Corps Systems Command and the Armed Forces Staff College. He flew 450 missions during two tours in Vietnam and has numerous personal decorations which he received for combat operations.

Alex Dunlap

Dr. Alexander W. Dunlap acquired his doctorate in Veterinary Medicine from Louisiana State University in 1989 and his doctorate in Medicine from the University of Tennessee in 1996.

While attending school at Tennessee he assisted five NASA missions as a veterinarian and scientist. In 1996, Dr. Dunlap served as an Alternate Payload Specialist for the 25th flight of the shuttle, Columbia (STS-90). Payload specialist for NASA Neurolab. The flight was a 16-day research mission that investigated the effects of microgravity on the nervous system.

Currently, Dr. Dunlap is an emergency room physician at St. Bernard’s Hospital in Jonesboro, AR and serves as the Chief Veterinarian for NASA.

William Durand

William F. Durand was a United States naval officer and pioneer mechanical engineer. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1877 until 1887. Commissioned as Assistant Engineer, he served on the USS Tennessee, contributing significantly to the development of aircraft propellers, and the theory and operation of propeller hydraulics.

In 1887, Durand accepted a position at Michigan State creating the Department of Mechanical Engineering. And later he taught mechanical engineering at Cornelland Stanford. He also helped rebuild Stanford after the 1906 earthquake.

Among the nation’s most respected academics of his time, Durand was a founding member, the first chairman, and served for decades on the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, forerunner of the present day NASA. After his 1924 retirement from Stanfordhe oversaw the a comprehensive series of monographs on aerodynamics that was widely used as a resource in scientific circles, and wrote three of the papers himself.

William Ganoe

William Ganoe was a pioneer of aeronautics by becoming the first Director of the Bureau of Air Commerce.

Jon McBride

Jon Andrew McBride, (Capt, USN, Ret.), is a retired American naval officer and aviator, fighter pilot, test pilot, aeronautical engineer, and a former NASA astronaut.

McBride’s naval service began in 1965 with flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. After being designated a Naval Aviator and receiving his wings in August 1966, he was assigned to Fighter Squadron 101 (VF-101) based at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia, for training in the F-4 Phantom II aircraft. He was subsequently assigned to Fighter Squadron 41 (VF-41) where he served 3 years as a fighter pilot and division officer. He has also served tours with VF-11 and VF-103. While deployed to Southeast Asia, McBride flew 64 combat missions.

He attended the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School (Class 75A) at Edwards Air Force Base, California, prior to reporting to Air Test and Development Squadron Four (VX-4) at Naval Air Station Point Mugu, California, where he served as maintenance officer and Sidewinder project officer. He has flown over 40 different types of military and civilian aircraft and piloted the Navy “Spirit of ’76” bicentennial-painted F-4J Phantom in various air shows during 1976, 1977, and 1978. He holds current Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ratings which include civilian commercial pilot certificate (multi-engine), instrument, and glider; and he previously served as a Certified Flight Instructor (CFI).

He has logged more than 8,800 hours flying time—including 4,700 hours in jet aircraft, and over 600 carrier landings.

Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in January 1978, McBride became an astronaut in August 1979. His NASA assignments have included lead chase pilot for the maiden voyage of Space Shuttle Columbia, software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), capsule communicator (CAPCOM) for STS-5, STS-6, and STS-7, Flight Data File (FDF) Manager, and orbital rendezvous procedures development.

The crew of the STS-41-G mission. McBride is 1st from left on the bottom
McBride was pilot of STS-41-G, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 5, 1984, aboard the Orbiter Challenger. This was the first crew of seven. During their eight-day mission, crew members deployed the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, conducted scientific observations of the Earth with the OSTA-3 pallet and Large Format Camera, and demonstrated potential satellite refueling with an EVA and associated hydrazine transfer. Mission duration was 197 hours and concluded with a landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 13, 1984.

McBride was scheduled to fly next in March 1986, as the Commander of STS-61-E crew. This flight was one of several deferred by NASA in the wake of the Challenger accident in January 1986.

On July 30, 1987, McBride was assigned to NASA Headquarters to serve as Assistant Administrator for Congressional Relations, with responsibility for NASA’s relationship with the United States Congress, and for providing coordination and direction to all Headquarters and Field Center communications with Congressional support organizations. He held this post from September 1987 through March 1989. In 1988, McBride was named to command the crew of the STS-35 (ASTRO-1) mission, scheduled for launch in March 1990, but chose to retire from NASA instead.

On September 23, 2011, the NASA Independent Verification and Validation Facility (IV&V) in Fairmont, West Virginia dedicated a NASA software laboratory to the West Virginia native Jon McBride. The laboratory’s official name is the Jon McBride Software Testing and Research Laboratory, or JSTAR. JSTAR is NASA IV&V’s environment for adaptable testing and simulation, designed to enhance tools and methods used to critically assess mission and safety critical software across NASA’s missions. The lab supports end to end testing on mission flight software through the application of analytical rigor to reduce the threat of software-related mission failure.

Story Musgrave

Franklin Story Musgrave is a man of great accomplishment, the winner of countless awards, including the Phi Delta Theta Distinguished Alumnus Award presented in 1994, and the recipient of many other honors. He is a doctor, a retired astronaut, a public speaker and consultant to both The Walt Disney Company Imagineering Group and Applied Minds in California. Throughout his career, Musgrave has launched into many things: his education, unique hobbies, new careers, and most notably, outer space.

Musgrave entered the United States Marine Corps in 1953 where he flew over 18,000 hours in 160 different types of civilian and military aircraft, including 7,500 hours in jet aircraft. Also an accomplished parachutist, he has made more than 500 free falls – including over 100 experimental free-fall descents involved with the study of human aerodynamics.

In August 1967, he was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA and flew on the maiden voyage of Space Shuttle Challenger, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on April 4, 1983. He retired from NASA in 1997, after completing 6 Shuttle missions which makes him the only astronaut to have flown missions on all five Space Shuttles and has him recording 1,281 hours 59 minutes, 22 seconds in space.

Oswald Ryan

Oswald Ryan was an original member of the Civil Aeronautics Board when it was created in 1938 and its chairman for one year in 1953. Mr. Ryan served on the board, originally called the Civil Aeronautics Authority, under Presidents Roosevelt, Truman and Eisenhower.

He was a prominent figure in civil aviation for more than 20 years. On the 15th anniversary of the board, created under the Civil Aeronautics Act of August 1938, Mr. Ryan was the only member of the original board still serving.